Which joint type is the ball-and-socket joint, allowing movement in multiple axes?

• A. Hinge joint
• B. Pivot joint
• C. Ball-and-socket joint
• D. Gliding joint

Answer: (C)

Movement in multiple axes is a hallmark of ball-and-socket joints. In this type, a rounded head fits into a cup-shaped socket, allowing movement in several directions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, rotation, and circumduction. This multiaxial capability is why the shoulder and hip joints are described this way. Other joints limit movement to a single plane or axis: hinge joints mainly flex and extend in one plane, pivot joints rotate around one axis, and gliding joints permit small sliding motions with limited directions. Because it uniquely combines these movements, the ball-and-socket joint is the best description for a joint that moves in multiple axes.