Which term describes inner dialogue, confidence, self-talk, and related cognitive processes that influence behavior?

• A. Interpersonal influences
• B. Affective influence
• C. Cognitive influences
• D. Sensation influences

Answer: (C)

Inner dialogue, confidence, and self-talk are cognitive influences because they involve internal mental processes that shape how we think, interpret situations, and decide what to do. When you tell yourself you can handle a tough set or remind yourself of goals, you’re altering your perceptions of the task, your belief in your abilities (self-efficacy), and your expectations for success. These thoughts influence motivation, effort, persistence, and even how you perform movements.

Interpersonal influences come from other people, affecting you through social interaction. Affective influence relates to emotions and feelings that color your experience of an activity. Sensation influences refer to sensory signals from the body and environment. The term cognitive influences best captures the internal thinking and belief processes behind behavior like self-talk and confidence.